Tuesday, January 21, 2014

The 25 worst passwords of 2013: 'password' gets dethroned


fire



“123456” is finally getting some time in the spotlight as the world's worst password, after spending years in the shadow of “password.”
Security firm Splashdata, which every year compiles a list of the most common stolen passwords, found that “123456” moved into the number one slot in 2013. Previously, “password” had dominated the rankings.
The change in leadership is largely thanks to Adobe, whose major security breach in October affected upwards of 48 million users. A list of passwords from the Adobe breach had “123456” on top, followed by “123456789” and “password.” The magnitude of the breach had a major impact on Splashdata's results, explaining why “photoshop” and “adobe123” worked their way onto this year's list.
Fans of “password” could reasonably petition for an asterisk, however, given that the stolen Adobe passwords included close to 100 million test accounts and inactive accounts. Counting those passwords on the list is kind of like setting a home run record during batting practice. Don't be surprised if “password” regains the throne in 2014.
Weaker passwords are more susceptible to brute-force attacks, where hackers attempt to access accounts through rapid guessing. And when encrypted passwords are stolen, weaker ones are the first to fall to increasingly sophisticated cracking software.
As always, Splashtop suggests avoiding common words and phrases, and says that replacing letters with similar-looking numbers (such as “3” instead of “E) is not an effective strategy. Instead, consider using phrases of random words separated by spaces or underscores, and using different passwords, at least for your most sensitive accounts. Password management programs such as LastPass, KeePass and Splashdata's own SplashID can also help, as you only have to remember a single master password.
Here's the full list of worst passwords from 2013, according to Splashdata:
  1. 123456
  2. password
  3. 12345678
  4. qwerty
  5. abc123
  6. 123456789
  7. 111111
  8. 1234567
  9. iloveyou
  10. adobe123
  11. 123123
  12. admin
  13. 1234567890
  14. letmein
  15. photoshop
  16. 1234
  17. monkey
  18. shadow
  19. sunshine
  20. 12345
  21. password1
  22. princess
  23. azerty
  24. trustno1
  25. 000000

Set Up a Certificate Authority in RHEL5

Security certificates are widely used for authentication. This article explores how to set up a Certificate Authority in RHEL5.
 
Security certificates are basically used for authentication purposes and you must have encountered a number of websites that use them. These digital certificates are issued by a Certificate Authority. Such certificates contain the public key of the applicants and various other information regarding their identity. In this article, we’ll discuss the setting up of a Certificate Authority in RHEL and certificate signing.
Before we start, just make sure you have openssl installed on your system and follow the steps listed below:

1.     Open the  /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf file in a text editor and write down the following lines under the [ CA_default ] section:
dir=/etc/pki/myCA
certificate=$dir/my-ca.crt
crl=$dir/my-ca.crl
private_key=$dir/private/my-ca.key
You can find the purpose of each of these objects in the /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf file.
2.    Under the [ req_distinguished_name ] section, you can specify the default values for several fields:

countryName_default=IN
stateOrProvinceName_default=West Bengal
localityName_default=Kolkata
These fields are used during the time of certificate creation.
3.     Now it is time to create your working directories using the following command:

mkdir p /etc/pki/myCA/{certs,crl,newcerts,private}
4.     Create a certificate index file using the command that follows:
touch /etc/pki/CA/index.txt
5.     To create another file for the next certificate serial number to be issued, use the following command:
echo 01 > /etc/pki/myCA/serial
6.     It’s time to generate a private key and a self-signed certificate for your Certificate Authority.
cd /etc/pki/myCA
openssl genrsa -out private/my-ca.key des3 2048
Do remember the passphrase you give at this step.
7.     Now create your self-signed certificate using the command shown below:

openssl req 'new x509 key private/my-ca.key days 365 > my-ca.crt
This certificate will be distributed to your users.
With this, the process of setting up a Certificate Authority is complete. Now you can make your self-signed certificate downloadable by your users through a Web browser. Let us next check out the process of signing a certificate.

1.    First of all, generate a private key using the openssl genrsa 1024 > mykey.key command.
2.    Then create the Certificate Signing Request using the  openssl req ‘new’key mykey.key out mycsr.csr command.
3.    Now, as the Certificate Authority, sign the certificate using the openssl ca in mycsr.csr out mycert.crt command.
Your certificate is now ready to be used across multiple applications including the Web and e-mail. You can view information regarding this certificate in the /etc/pki/myCA/newcerts/01.pem file. Also, if you open /etc/pki/myCA/serial, you’ll see that its contents have been updated to 2, which is the serial number for the next certificate to be signed. As a Certificate Authority, you can also revoke a certificate using the openssl ca revoke /etc/pki/myCA/newcerts/01.pem command. Here 01.pem id is the file related to the first certificate that we’ve created.

So this was a brief overview of how to set up a Certificate Authority in RHEL5. You can use it for intranet applications management. And if you want to understand the functionality behind the Certificate Security, you can explore the cryptography concepts related to certificates like TLS/SSL handshakes, key distribution, cryptographic hashes, etc.

15 CSS Tools That Will Really Simplify Your Work!

  Simplifying your work flow goes a long way in making better CSS write-ups. This is why you should use tools that can help you do this. The following are 15 tools that help in this respect!

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1. Layer Styles: Use this HTML5 app for an intuitive approach towards CSS3.

2. CSS3 Pie: This can be used for putting in useful decorative features on Internet Explorer 6-9.

3. Patternify: Create beautiful CSS patterns.

4. CSS Compressor: Increase the loading speed and reduce the bandwidth of your webpages.

5. Spritemapper: Merge multiple web pages into one.

6. EzxtractCSS: Extract ids, classes and inline styles from an online HTML document into a CSS stylesheet.

7. Tridiv: Use this to easily create 3D CSS shapes.

8. SkyCSS Tool: This tool allows you to create CSS classes, while almost completely avoiding manuscript code.

9. Prefixmy CSS: An easy way to prefix CSS code.

10. Responsive Web CSS: This web-based tool will allow you to create a responsive layout skeleton with drag and drops.

11. CSS Form Generator: Create nice-looking layout for your forms.

12. Sencha Animator: Create animated images, text and design buttons with emebedded analytics and gradients.

13. Buttons: Create highly customisable, modern and flexible web buttons.

14. CSS Patterns Gallery: This website displays creative patterns using CSS3.

15. CSS Menu Maker: Use this tool if you need to create custom CSS drop down menus easily.

10 Ways You Can Use Linux to Fix Your Windows PC

Even though you may not want to use Linux as your desktop, you can use it to save your Windows PC—for resetting passwords, recovering deleted files, or scanning for viruses. Let’s see how you can do it in the article below.

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As cited on howtogeek.com, here are ten ways of doing it -

1. Making Your Ubuntu Live CD - The first step that you can take is to create your own Ubuntu Live CD and as you can only burn an ISO image to a disc, you can try making a customized live CD through a reconstructor that may have custom applications that aren’t there by default.

2.Alternate: Making Your Ubuntu Live USB - As carrying around a CD might not always be the most convenient thing, you might want to also make an Ubuntu Live USB that is nothing more than a flash drive which has a copy of Linux installed on it. You can also make a persistent Ubuntu flash drive for saving your settings.

3.Changing or Resetting Your Password – One of the simplest ways to use Linux to fix Windows is while trying to recover a forgotten password. You simply need to boot it up and run a few commands, and your password will be reset.

4.Diagnosing Windows or Hardware Problems – There are many ways to use Ubuntu to diagnose hardware issues. Simply boot off the Live CD, and start running some applications and test out all the hardware from a working Linux environment. If the system functions well in Linux, the problem is probably a Windows, virus, or driver issue.

5.Cloning Your Hard Drive – For simply replacing your hard drive with a new one, or simply creating a backup of your entire system, you can make use of the Ubuntu Live CD to make a clone of your drive, make a drive image, or even transfer that drive image across the network to another computer for safekeeping.

6.Recovering Data - You don’t require to go to school for becoming a forensics expert, you can use the Ubuntu Live CD to do and add it on your CV to earn extra brownie points.

7.Recovering Deleted Files - You can utilize an Ubuntu Live CD for recovering the files with a couple of keystrokes from the terminal and get yourself back in business instantly.

8.Scanning Your Windows PC for Viruses - Utilizing a host of very good antivirus applications that have Linux versions these day you can remove viruses in little time. You simply need to go into the Synaptic package manager, search for Avast, and install it into the live cd session.

9.Securely Wiping Your PC’s Hard Drive –For ensuring your hard drive is clean, you can make use of the Ubuntu Live CD to wipe the drive. This wipe will be secure, with every bit of data overwritten to ensure no one can recover anything.

10.Repairing Damaged Backup CDs – If you have a backup CD that is too scratched up to read very well, you can utilize the ddrescue tool from the command line to recover as much information from that disc as possible. You can simply boot into the Live CD and follow through the guide for recovering some files.


5 Reasons That May Make You Dump MySQL

When it comes to database management systems, MySQL has ruled the roost for a long time. It is still ruling, but the popularity has definitely faded since it came under Oracle in 2009. Open source database MariaDB is often seen to be the chief competitor for MySQL and more and more developers are choosing this new DBMS over MySQL regularly.

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1. MySQL isn’t mature enough: Since it didn’t start out as a relational database management system, older ones like PostgreSQL and even closed source Microsoft SQL Server and Oracle are considered to be more feature rich.

2. While MySQL is an open source database, many say that it doesn’t feel like one anymore. Since coming under Oracle’s banner, MySQL has closed source and proprietary modules. MariaDB is an open source alternative for MySQL. All code in MariaDB is under the LPGL, GPL or BSD licenses. So, it doesn’t have any closed source modules. On the contrary, it still has those features, but in an open source module.

3. Performance wise, MySQL seems to be failing to competitors. It’s chief competitor, MariaDB has been seen to be ahead on benchmark results. In fact, the MariaDB blog has benchmark results showing that it is ahead of MySQL, even if only by a little bit. Also, PostgreSQL has also added features that make some developers opt for it instead of MySQL.

4. While an open source platform should be driven by the community, MySQL is owned by Oracle. As a result of this, many developers choose to use MariaDB as they aren’t sure of the future of My SQL and Oracle doesn’t provide a public roadmap, not does it take patches from the community. Being built on MySQL, MariaDB is also faster and more stable.

5. The Red Hat Enterprise Linux already ships with MariaDB. In addition, Fedora has also announced that it would be moving to MariaDB. On the other hand, popular Linux-based distro openSUSE has also made the same announcement in January 2013.

Further, the Wikimedia Foundation has also supported MariaDB, which is a huge boost for the comparatively new database management system.

25 Free HTML5 Templates That Designers Can Use!

Responsive HTML5 templates are those that can automatically adapt a layout based on the viewing environment being used. It does this by using proportion-based grids, CSS3 media queries and flexible images. They act as tools for web designers to create innovative designs on websites with interactive drag and drop menus, video and audio canvas elements and other features. Here are 25 such tools that you can use for your designing purposes.

HTML5, HTML5 tools, HTML5 tips, HTML5 templates, Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer 9, HTML5 designs, HTML5 resources, learn HTML5, HTML5 made easy




1. Organic

2. Presentable Free Template

3. Strongly Typed

4. Tessellate

5. Prestigious

6. Agency

7. Ascend

8. Liquid Gem

9. Retina Responsive

10. Mori Dark

11. Overflow

12. Helios

13. Responsive Wedding

14. Curve

15. Free Responsive BootStrap Template

16. Appstore Responsive Mobile Website Template

17. Golden Gate App

18. Digy Responsive HTML5 Theme

19. Colorzied

20. zBoom Music

21. Century

22. Food Photographer

23. Royale Free HTML5 Template

24. Online Media Responsive Template

25. Particular Free HTML5 Template

Getting Top 10 Files/Directories On Ubuntu Linux

Ubuntu Linux comprises of a rich set of commands to manipulate and access files. The du utility provides information on disk usage, and the sort utility on sorting results. Ultimately, those results can be run using the head command that offers you the top 10 lines outputted via other command. You can chain the commands together for getting the output that you desire.

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As stated on howtogeek.co, firstly we’ll utilise the du -sm command to provide the results in MB:

$ du -sm *
1 wp-config-sample.php
1 wp-config.php
14 wp-content
1 wp-feed.php
—- trimmed —

Now the results can be seen aren’t sorted and we can sort them using the sort -nr command that sorts by numerical value in reverse. Finally, the results can be run through head -10 for getting the top 10 results:

This is the command that is going to run:

du -sm * | sort -nr | head -10
Below is an example of the output:
$ du -sm * | sort -nr | head -10
14 wp-content
2 wp-includes
1 xmlrpc.php
1 xml.php
1 x.php
1 wp-trackback.php
1 wp-settings.php
1 wp-rss2.php
1 wp-rss.php
1 wp-register.php